PLANETARY SCIENCE

1. Image the varying atmospheric winds and thermal profiles on Mars and Venus, using CO and its isotopes.

2. Resolve phosphine emission in the Great Red Spot, HCN on Titan, and volcanic emission on Io.

3. Measure the properties of subsurface layers on hundreds of asteroids.

4. Image the thermal emission from Pluto and Charon.

5. Expand cometary research by providing unobscured images of comet nuclei: study subsurface layers and atmospheric structure; provide precision astrometry.

6. Image impulsive events and sporadic molecular jet emission from comets.

7. Detect "proto-Jupiters" in nearby stellar systems; determine their masses and chemical composition.